Secondary Treatment
Overview Microorganisms Eat WHAT?! The Process References

Microorganisms and Digestion

Microorganisms are used in the secondary treatment process because of their ability to consume certain chemicals and organic matter. Table 1 includes a list of the microorganisms (too small to be viewed without the aid of a microscope) that are used during the secondary treatment process. Generally a wastewater treatment plant does not add these organism, instead they grow naturally once the treatment plant provides enough oxygen. Some organisms will dominate at some wastewater treatment plants, while other organisms will be present in other wastewater treatment plants.

Table 1. Types of microorganism present in secondary treatment.

Type of Organism Description Image
Bacteria
  • single-celled organisms
  • highest population present
  • Fungi
  • multicellular
  • predominate in nitrogen-deficient wastewater
  • Algae
  • unicellular or multicellular
  • contains chlorophyll photosynthetic
  • produces oxygen when exposed to sunlight
  • Protozoa
  • single-celled organisms
  • polishers in consuming bacteria
  • Rotifers & Crustaceans
  • multi-cellular animals
  • used when there is a high level of oxygen and low level of organic matter